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Tartu Offensive
The Tartu Offensive Operation ((ロシア語:Тартуская наступательная операция)), also known as the Battle of Tartu ((エストニア語:Tartu lahing)) and the Battle of Emajõgi ((エストニア語:Emajõe lahingud), (ドイツ語:Schlacht am Embach)) was a campaign fought over southeastern Estonia in 1944. It took place on the Eastern Front during World War II between the Soviet 3rd Baltic Front and parts of the German Army Group North.
The Soviet tactical aim was to defeat the 18th Army and to capture the city of Tartu. The strategic goal was a quick occupation of Estonia. The Soviet command planned to reach the coast of the Gulf of Riga and trap the Army Detachment "Narwa".〔 Арвед Калво (1976) Изгнание фашистов из Южной Эстонии (август - сентябрь 1944 года). (rout of fascists from southern Estonia (August to September 1944) ). Eesti Raamat, Tallinn, p. 24〕 The German side involved Estonian conscripts, which fought to defend their country against the looming Soviet annexation. The 3rd Baltic Front captured Tartu. The conquest caused the destruction of the Estonian National Museum and 40 million rubles worth of damage to the University of Tartu. ''Kampfgruppe'' "Wagner" stabilised the front at the Emajõgi River. The XXVIII Army Corps supported by Omakaitse militia stalled the front at the Väike Emajõgi and Gauja Rivers, preventing the 3rd Baltic Front from cutting off the "Narwa".
==Background==
Attacks of the Leningrad Front had pushed the Army Group North to the west of Lake Peipus resulting in a series of operations around Narva. The German Command considered it important to maintain control over the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland, which eased the situation in Finland and kept the Soviet Baltic Fleet in its eastern bay. From a military economy viewpoint, the preservation of the oil shale reserves and oil shale industry in Ida-Viru was also important.〔 In the south, Soviet forces advanced towards the Baltic seacoast at the end of their Operation Bagration of June–August 1944 against the German Army Group Centre.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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